The Buddhist Hour Radio Broadcast Archives

Introduction

Internationally, our patrons and Members increased their visits to overseas temples by about 7000% from 1994-1998 (base line year 1994 = 100)

We set up our internet site in 1998. Average hits are 100 per day from about 40 countries. We expect this figure to rise by a factor of 10 this year.

International visitors including Monks, Nuns and Buddhist Leaders visiting our Centre increased by 850% over the period.

Site improvements in terms of buildings upgrades and auxiliary water tanks for fire fighting emergencies valued at aboutt$100,000 were made over the period.

The net worth of our assets also increased significantly over the period.

We have an internal local area network (LAN) operating at our Centre and are about to open a wide area network (WAN).

Because of our policy of encouraging all Members to follow further study, we judge our Members to have higher formal post secondary school and university higher qualifications to be the most outstanding of any Buddhist group in the country.

The quality of our Journal, BDDR, continues to draw critical acclaim in the Buddhist world.

Our corporate plan extends to the year 2026 C.E. and our mission is to teach and preserve written Dhamma for the next 500 years at least.

Our library collection has improved 850% over the period.

Our present goal is to raise our standards to be a third rate world library.

Our organisation culture has been improved to not be too old fashioned. The evidence for streamlining our eight management teams can be seen by members operating a network of about 37 computers to help support our Centre's activities.

1. Preamble

The Delegates representing many countries and organisations from all parts of the world who attended the World Fellowship of Buddhists 20th General Conference in New South Wales, Australia, form 29 October to 2 November, 1998 (2541 B.E.) approved the Charter of The World Buddhist University (WBU).

The main objective of this Charter is to conduct advanced Buddhistic studies and coordinate globally with the universities and institutions which offer Buddhist studies, research activity, training, spiritual practice, cultural exchange and education in order to enhance the realisation of the aims of the World Fellowship of Buddhists.

The Buddhist Discussion Centre (Upwey) Ltd. (A.C.N. 005 701 806) which is an Australian company, has been approved by the Delegates of the World Fellowship of Buddhists 20th General Conference, to operate as an associated institution of The World Buddhist University in the role of a spiritual training centre.

The Buddhist Discussion Centre (Upwey) Ltd. holds in trust the Business Name Registration in Australia of the World Buddhist University.

This spiritual training centre will be administered by the Buddhist Discussion Centre (Upwey) Ltd. A.C.N. 005 701 806 having a registered office at 33 Brooking Street, Upwey, Victoria, 3158.

2. The Role of a University

Professor Marian Quarterly, Arts Dean, Monash University, states Universities existed to create, preserve and disseminate knowledge, especially abstract, reflexive, disciplinary knowledge of "elite knowledge"(1).

She notes there is a tension within disciplinary knowledge between creation and conservation.

3. Roles and Responsibilities of the Board of Education Standing Committee at the Buddhist Discussion Centre (Upwey) Ltd.

The Board of Education Standing Committee is responsible for the development, implementation and modification of the educational religious policy of the associated institution of the WBU.

The range of the Board's responsibilities requires it to carry out a number of roles:

3.1 Maintaining a list of Teachers (Ajaans) and Scholars who are sufficiently qualified in spiritual development or scholarly endeavour to act as referees or advisers on artefacts, on foreign language notes, on chronicles or other business referred to them on behalf of the Board of Education Standing Committee;
3.2 Conservation of knowledge resources held by the JOHN D. HUGHES Collection at the Centre (2);
3.3 Operation of and the conservation of the knowledge resources held on the Centre's website (www.bdcu.org.au);
3.4 Production, publication and circulation of the Buddhist Discussion Centre (Upwey) Ltd.'s Journal BUDDHA DHYANA DANA REVIEW;
3.5 For papers about specialised Buddha Dhamma religious teaching within Australia and Asia.

4. Composition of the Board of Education Standing Committee

The inaugural Board of Education Standing Committee shall be formed by requesting elected Office Bearers of the Buddhist Discussion Centre (Upwey) Ltd. to join the Board.

The Board of Education Standing Committee Chairperson shall be a Vice President of the World Fellowship of Buddhists or a Member of the World Fellowship of Buddhists EXCO (Executive Committee).

The Board of Education Standing Committee will consist of a Director, the Vice President of Religious Education, a Life Member, the company treasurer, the company accountant of the Buddhist Discussion Centre (Upwey) Ltd.

An administrative officer and secretarial staff will be provided to the Education Standing Committee by the Buddhist Discussion Centre (Upwey) Ltd.

The Board of Education Standing Committee may request other suitable persons be provided by the Buddhist Discussion Centre (Upwey) Ltd. or it may second suitable persons from other sources as required.

Vice Presidents of the Buddhist Discussion Centre (Upwey) Ltd. may attend Board of Education Standing Committee Meetings as observers.

The Standing Committee may pledge matters to either ad hoc workgroups or refer them to existing Centre workgroups for advice on business functions that require administrative expertise to guide policy formation.

References.

a) Healy, Guy. Market to Drive Arts Evolution, The Australian Newspaper, 11 November 1998, p37.
b) The John D. Hughes Collection Information pamphlet, published by The Buddhist Discussion Centre (Upwey) Ltd., April 1998.

Agenda for the 20th WFB General Conference
Sunday 11 November 1998 at 08:00 ­ 11:30 hours

WBU Draft Charter to be submitted to the WFB General Conference for approval.

We, THE DELEGATES representing many countries and numerous organizations from all parts of the world and attending the 20th General Conference of The World Fellowship of Buddhists (WFB) in New South Wales, Australia from October 29 ­ November 2, B.E. 2541 (1998), are determined to establish THE WORLD BUDDHIST UNIVERSITY (WBU) as recommended by the 56th Meeting of the WFB Executive Council held at the Headquarters of The World Fellowship of Buddhists, Bangkok, the Kingdom of Thailand on December 4, B.E. 2540 (1997). The main objective of the University is to conduct advance3d Buddhistic studies and coordinate with the Buddhist Universities and institutions which offer Buddhist studies and related subjects all over the world in the field of research, training spiritual practice, cultural exchange and education for enhancement and realization of the aims of the World Fellowship of Buddhists as follows:

1. To promote among the members strict observance and practice of the teaching of the Buddha;
2. To secure unity, solidarity and brotherhood amongst Buddhists;
3. To propagate the sublime doctrine of the Buddha'
4. To organize and carry on activities in the field of social, education, cultural and other humanitarian services; and
5. To work for securing peace and harmony amongst men and happiness for all being sand collaborating with other organizations working for the same ends.

The mission of the University is in accordance with the instruction given by the Buddha to the first group of Buddhist disciples prior to their going forth to different regions of the world "Go ye now, and wander for the gain of the many, for the welfare of the many, out of compassion of the world, for the good, for the gain and for the welfare of deities and human beings. Preach, Bhikkhus, the doctrine (the Dhamma) which is glorious in the beginning, glorious in the middle, glorious at the end, in the spirit and in the letter, proclaim a consummate, perfect and pure life of holiness". With such perspective, the University shall, among others, encourage the scholars to become well versed in Buddhist scriptures and to experience the profundity of the Dhamma through spiritual development. English, Pali, Sanskrit and other related languages shall be taught in the University.

Finally, we appreciate the initiative and support given by H.E. Prof. Sanya Dharmasakti, President of The World fellowship of Buddhists in establishment of the World Buddhist University which can be regarded as an outstanding achievement of his tenure and coincides with two special occasions:

1. The World Fellowship of Buddhists will celebrate its 50th Anniversary in B.E. 2543 (2000) for its mission to bring about peace, happiness and harmony amongst mankind, and

2. The Government of the Kingdom of Thailand, the country where the permanent Headquarters of the WFB is located, has celebrated the 84th Birthday Anniversary of His Holiness, Somdej Phra Nyansamvara, the Supreme Patriarch of the Kingdom of Thailand, for the duration of one year (October 3, B.E. 2540/1997 ­ October 2, B.E. 2541/1998) due to the fact that the Supreme Patriarch plays an active role in promoting Buddhism at both national and international levels. He also fully supports the work of the WFB in his capacity as the lading Patron (Ref. Article 5 of WFB Constitution).

In pursuing the fulfillment of our desires, we extend our thanks and appreciation to the following bodies:

1. The Government of the Kingdom of Thailand for its financial support to the World Fellowship of Buddhists and moral support for the establishment o the World Buddhist University;

2. The Working Group for Establishment of the World Buddhist University chaired by Lt. Gen. Chalom Wismol, Vice-President of the World Fellowship of Buddhists assigned by the Organizing Committee for Celebration of the 85th Birth Anniversary of the Supreme Patriarch of the Kingdom of Thailand during B.E. 2540 ­ 2541 (19997 ­ 1998) for its feasibility study to set up the University and submission for the proposal to the 56th Meeting of the WFB's Executive Council for endorsement.

3. The Ad Hoc Committee on the World Buddhist University appointed by the 56th Meeting of the WFB's Executive Council on December 4, B.E. 2540 (1997) for its preparation of the Final Draft Charter of the World Buddhist University which has been approved by the 20th WFB General Conference of the World Fellowship of Buddhists.

4. The sub-committee appointed by the Executive Committee at its 58th Meeting on October 30, 1998 in Australia, with Dr. Ananda W.P. Guruge, Vice-President of WFB as the convenor, to revise as necessary the final draft of the Charter before submission to the General Conference.
We do hereby adopt, enact and give ourselves this Charter of the World Buddhist University.

ARTICLE 1 PURPOSE AND PRINCIPLE

1. The World Buddhist University shall be an international community of Buddhist scholars, engaged in research, post-graduate training, spiritual practice, Buddhistic education and dissemination of knowledge in furtherance of the objectives of the World Fellowship of Buddhists. It shall function under the joint sponsorship; of the World Fellowship of Buddhists, the WFB's Regional Centres, the academic networks and the host country where the University Centre is located.

The main purposes of the World Buddhist University are as follows:

1.1 To serve as a coordinating Centre to exchange academic works, research and development and related information at regional and international levels;
1.2 To develop and promote the science of Buddhist education to be more universally accessible.
1.3 To offer alternatives for educational system aiming to perfect development of human beings and society together with the creation of a more civilized world in accordance with the laws of nature.
1.4 To involve Buddhism in solving regional and global crises.
1.5 To provide and facilitate Buddhist academic services to the World Fellowship of Buddhists, its members and organizations working for the same ends.

2. The University shall devote itself to research into critical regional and global problems of human survival, happiness and harmony among mankind that are the concern of the WFB and its Regional Centres by focusing education, development, peace, environment and culture. The research programmes of the WBU shall include, among others, co-existence between people having different religions and sects, cultures, languages and social systems, critical problems, peaceful relations between states and religious freedom, and application of Buddhism for promotion of peace, happiness and quality of life and other related issues.

3. In its training, the university shall assist scholars especially the young ones, to participate in research in order to increase their capability to contribute to the extension, application and diffusion of knowledge. The University may also undertake training of persons who will serve in international o national programmes, particularly in regard to an interdisciplinary approach to problems.

4. The University shall promote spiritual practice through global meditation networks or other means for enhancement of the profundity of the Dhamma.

5. The University shall organize Buddhist education programmes at the certain levels to meet the needs of the WFB Regional Centres and the academic network through an indisciplinary approach with Buddhism as a core subject.

6.The University shall disseminate the knowledge gained during its activities to the WFB, its Regional Centres, scholars, networks and the public in order to enhance active interaction and exchange amongst the worldwide community.

ARTICLE II ACADEMIC FREEDOM AND AUTONOMY

1. The University shall enjoy autonomy within the framework of the World Fellowship of Buddhists. It shall also enjoy the academic freedom acquired for the achievement of its objectives, with particular reference to the choice of topics and methods of research and training, the selection of persons and institutions to share in its tasks, and freedom of self-expression. The University shall decide freely on the use of the financial resource allocated for the implementation of its activities.

2. The Rector, with the approval of the Council of the University, shall conclude on behalf of the World Fellowship of Buddhists such agreements with Regional Centres and countries where the University and its networks operate as deemed necessary to ensure academic freedom and autonomy.

ARTICLE III ORGANIZATION AND STRUCTURE

1. The University shall consist of:

a) a Council, serving as the governing board of the University;
b) a Rector, responsible to the Council for the direction, administration, co-ordination and development of the University;
c) a University Centre as administrative organ under the directorship of the Rector;
d) the research and training centres;
e) the spiritual practice and development centres
f) the educational development programmes including languages'
g) the networking institutes in the countries where the WFB's Regional Centres are located, and
h) Others to be assigned.
2. In regard to advanced research, post-graduate training, spiritual practice and educational development, the council of the University may assign for academic excellence, certain institutions and centres as associated institutions of the University, for conducting research, training, spiritual practice and educational programmes within terms and conditions to be decided by the Council.
3. In order to accomplish its purposes, the University may organize joint international programmes with appropriate institutions and individuals in various parts of the world on the basis of contractual and other arrangements.

ARTICLE IV COUNCIL OF THE UNIVERSITY

1. There shall be a Council of the World Buddhist University to be established on a broad geographical basis with due regard to major academic, religious, educational, social and cultural trends in the world. The Council shall have not less than 17 but not more than 25 members serving in their individual capacity, who shall be appointed by the President of the WFB in consultation with WFB's Executive Council. The Rector of the University shall serve as the Secretary of the Council.

2. The President of the WFGB and a representative of the host country where the University Centre is located shall be ex-officio members of the Council. The Council may invite representatives of concerned organizations and academic bodies to attend the meeting of the Council as observers.

3. The term of office of the Council's members shall be 5 years. No appointed member of the Council may serve continuously for more than 10 years. The Council shall be consulted with regard to replacing retired members.

4. The Council shall:
a) formulate principles and policies which shall govern the activities and operations of the University;
b) adopt such statutes as may be necessary for the application of the Charter;
c) decide upon the setting up or incorporation of the research, training and spiritual practice centres and programmes which constitute the totality of the University in establishing standards for their operation either on its own authority, in cases where they are set up, or by agreement in cases where they are being incorporated;
d) consider and approve the work programme and adopt the budget of the University on the basis of proposals submitted to it by the Rector;
e) consider reports of the Rector on the activities of the University and on the execution of its plans of work;
f) issue directives and take measures with in the framework of the University;
g) make whatever recommendations it may deem either necessary or desirable for the effective functioning of the University
h) report annually to the President of the WFB, the WFB's executive Council and/or the WFB's General Conference through the Honorary Secretary General of the WFB, on the work of the University; and
i) Create such subsidiary bodies as it deems necessary.

5. The Council shall meet in regular session at least once a year and shall be convened by the Rector. It shall elect its Chairman and other officers and shall adopt rules of procedures, including procedures for convening special sessions as necessary.

6. The Council shall consider the methods of financing the University with a view to ensuring the effectiveness of its future operations, their continuity and the University's autonomous character within the framework of the WFB. It shall also consider the various kinds of arrangements under which institutions and individuals may be associated with its work, and the criteria be met by such of the highest academic standards.

7. The Council shall grant to research training and spiritual practice centres and education programmes adequate resources to ensure that the academic staff, equipment and working conditions meet the standards for research, training spiritual practice and education with sharing and for respective host institutions.

ARTICLE V RECTOR OF THE UNIVERSITY

1. The Rector of the University shall be appointed by the President of the World Fellowship of Buddhists in conformity with the following procedures. The University Council shall appoint a nominating committee of three members and shall delegate its Chairman and two other members to a Nominating Committee, to which the President of the WFB and the representative of the host country shall appoint one member each. The Nominating Committee shall prepare a panel of candidates not less than three and not more than five names, arrange din alphabetical order, for consideration by the Council The council may approve the proposed panel or may refer it back to the Nominating Committee. When the Council has approved the panel it shall transmit its approval to the President of the WFB. The President with his concurrence shall appoint one of the candidates as Rector.

2. The Rector shall normally serve for five years and shall be eligible for reappointment for one more term of five years. Conditions of the service of the Rector shall be determined by the Council in consultation with the President of the WFB.

3. The Rector has authority to nominate Vice-Rectors for Academic, Administrative Affairs and others a deemed necessary.

4. The Rector shall be the chief academic and administrative officer of the University and shall have overall responsibility for the direction, organization, administration and programmes of the University, in accordance with the general policies and criteria formulated by the Council. The Rector shall, inter alia:

a) Submit the plan of work and the budget estimates of the University to the Council for its consideration and approval.
b) direct the activities connected with the execution of the research training, spiritual and educational programmes and authorize the expenditures approved by the Council;
c) appoint the personnel of the University in accordance with the procedures approved by the Council, so as to ensure the highest intellectual and moral quality of that personnel;
d) direct and develop the staff of the University;
e) set up such advisory bodies as may be necessary, including where appropriate representatives of interested WFB's Regional Centres and other organizations particularly concerned with the activities of the University;
f) make arrangements with Governments and international as well as national public and private organizations with a view to offering and receiving services related to the activities of the University;
g) After consultation with the Chairman of the Council, accept, on behalf of the University, voluntary contributions and gifts to the University from governments, international and national organizations, foundations and other non-governmental sources, for all purposes related to the activities of the University.
h) coordinate the total research and training programmes of the University with the activities of the WFB and its Regional Centres and, so far as possible, with research programmes of the world scholastic community;
i) report to the Council in accordance with the rules of procedures on eh activities of the University and the execution of its plans of work; and
j) submit the long-term development plan of the University to the Council for approval; and
k) Others to be assigned by the Council.

ARTICLE VI UNIVERSITY CENTRE

The University Centre shall assist the Rector in the performance of the following tasks:

a) Develop and plan topics of research and area of training for the University and conclude contracts for research and training activities with a view to achieving the aims and objectives of the University and to ensuring the highest academic standards and universality of approaches.
b) Administer the overall University programme and fund it in accordance with the approved budget.
c) Promote exchanges of scholars, "Buddhological" ideas and information within the world Buddhist community by making appropriate use of conferences and workshops.
d) Serve as a depository of information regarding the expertise available on subjects of relevance to the work of the University, in cooperation with WFB's Regional Centres and existing information systems.
e) Maintain an up-to-date roster of qualified scholars from all pars of the world who are experts in the present and prospective fields of the University, and assist the research, training and spiritual practice centres and programmes in finding competent scholars as necessary.
f) Maintain close coordination between the activities of the University and those of the organs and programmes of the WFB and its Regional Centres.
g) Perform such other functions as the Rector may determine
h) Serve as Headquarters of the University
i) Others to be assigned by the Rector

ARTICLE VII PERSONNEL OF THE UNIVERSITY

The academic and administrative personnel of the University shall be selected with a view to achieving its stated objectives. The basic criteria for selection shall be the highest standards of efficiency, competence, and integrity, with respect to the following:

1. The personnel of the University shall consist of

a) Academic personnel;
b) Administrative personnel;
c) trainers and
d) others to be assigned by the Council

The assignment of personnel to each of these categories with the provisions of the statutes shall be adopted by the Council.

2. The academic personnel shall be composed of

a) The Rector;
b) Vice Rectors for academic, administrative and others;
c) The directing personnel i.e. the Rector's senior collaborators and the directors of the research, training and spiritual practice centres;
d) Research personnel, visiting professors, visiting fellows and consultants;
e) Buddhist scholars;
f) Educational programme directors and
g) Others to assigned by the Council.

All members of the academic personnel shall enjoy in their research, training and spiritual work the academic freedom guaranteed by the Council.

ARTICLE VIII FINANCE AND BUDGET

1. Capital costs and recurrent costs of the University shall be met from voluntary contributions to he University, or from other income such as:

a) By fees for enrolment;
b) By the WFB's Regional Centres, networking institutions, and other related agencies;
c) By non-governmental sources including foundations;
d) By financial support from abroad;
e) By Governments of the countries where the regional centres and networking organizations are located respectively; and
f) By other sources to be assigned.

2. The Rector may also accept assistance for the University's projects, particularly fellowships, from the WFB and its Regional Centres as well as other intergovernmental organizations.

3. Contributions which may directly and indirectly involve an immediate or ultimate financial liability for the University, or which involve a new activity not yet included in its programme, may be accepted only with the approval of the Council.

4. The funds of the University shall be kept in a special account entitled "WBU FUND" to be established by the President of the WFB in accordance with the Financial Regulations of the WFB.

5. The funds of the University shall be held and administered solely for the purposes of the University. The President of the WFB shall perform all necessary financial and accounting functions for the University, including the custody of its funds, and shall prepare and certify the annual accounts showing the status of WBU FUND special account.

6. The Financial Regulations and the Financial Rules of the WFB shall apply to the financial operations of the University, subject to such special rules and procedures as the Rector, in agreement with the President, may issue after consultations with the Council.

7. The Rector shall prepare the budget estimates for the University in a manner consistent with the WFB's regulations, rules, policies and procedures. The estimates, together with the comments and recommendations thereon of the WFB's programme and budget experts, shall be submitted to the Council for approval. The budget as approved by the Council, shall be transmitted to the General Conference and/or the WFB's Executive Board together with the report of the Council.

8. Funds administered by and for the University shall, as provided in the Financial Regulations of the WFB, be subject to audit by the WFB's Auditor.

9. The general administrative, personnel and financial services of the WFB may be utilized by the University on conditions determined in consultation between the President and the Rector. It is understood that no extra cost to the regular budget of the WFB will be incurred.

ARTICLE IX LOCATION AND NETWORKING SYSTEM OF THE UNIVERSITY

1. The University shall have its headquarters at Buddha Monthon, Nakorn Pathom Province, Kingdom of Thailand, where the University Centre shall be located.

2. The location of the Associated Institutions and centres of the University, as provided for under Article III.2, shall be decided and approved by the University Council, in accordance with rules that may be made for this purpose by the University Council.

3. Each associated institution or centre shall be under the authority of a Director. The Director shall collaborate with the Rector, in particular for the purpose of ensuring the coordination of programmes through the University networks.

4. The Conference of Directors of Research, Training and spiritual practice centres and educational programmes shall be called by the Rector periodically to review and evaluate programmes being undertaken, and advise and assist the Rector in improving current programmes and defining and planning new programmes for the University system.

ARTICLE X STATUS AND AUTHORITY OF THE UNIVERSITY

1. The University is an autonomous organ of the WFB and shall enjoy the status and privileges provided in the related articles of the WFB's Constitution an din other agreements relating to the University's status and privileges to be accorded by the host countries and/or the WFB's Regional Centres where the academic networks, the research, training and spiritual practice centres are located respectively.

2. The University may require and dispose of real and personal property, and may take other legal actions necessary for the performance of its functions.

3. The University may enter into agreements, contracts or arrangements with governments, organizations, institutions, firms or individuals for the purpose of carrying out its activities.

ARTICLE XI THE EMBLEM OF THE UNIVERSITY

The emblem of the World Buddhist University consists of Dhammachakka and 2 ears of rice to buttress 9 grains on each side, which is described as follows:

1. Dhammacakka, meaning the wheel of Dhamma, refers to the First Sermon which is called "Dhammacakkappavattanasutta" that the Lord Buddha gave to the first five Blessed One pointed out the true condition of life in the Four Noble Truths and the middle way of practice or "Majjhima Patipada" that leads to extinction of suffering according to the Eightfold Noble Path symbolized by the eight spokes in the Wheel of Dhamma, meaning thereby the wheel of proclaiming the Dhamma began to move and has been revolving ever since.

2. The 2 ears of rice stems supporting both the sides of the Dhammacakka mean the rice-field of merits in Buddhism including sustainable growth and perpetuity of Buddhism on the basis of Sikkhattaya, i.e. morality (Sila), concentration (Samadhi) and wisdom (Panna) by which Buddhism has brought enlightenment to mankind in order to refine our thought and action.

3. Each rice stem has 5 stalks supporting the rice leaves meaning development through the Sikkhattaya, of the Five Aggregates (Khandha) of corporeality (Rupa), sensation (Vedana), perception (Sanna), mental formation (Sankhara) and consciousness (Vinnana).

4. Each ear of rice has 9 grains meaning the 9 Supramundane States, i.e. the four Paths (Magga), the Four Fruitions (Phala) and Extinction of the Defilements (Nibbana) which is the highest aim of Buddhism.

ARTICLE XII AMENDMENTS

1. Amendments of the Charter may be made by the General Conference of The World Fellowship of Buddhists.

2. After consultation with The WFB Executive Council, the Honorary Secretary General of The World Fellowship of Buddhists, at the request of the University Council or after consultation with it, may propose amendments of the Charter to WFB General Conference.

ARTICLE XIII TRANSITIONAL PROVISION

1. Pending the recommendations of the University Council in respect of the conditions of service of the different categories of the University's personnel, their status will be determined as provided in Article VII with recommendation of the WFB President.

2. Operation of the World Buddhist University is divided into two phases as follows:

2.1 The First Phase during B.E. 2542-2543 (1999-2000) will focus on the educational system and the emphasis shall be given to research, training, spiritual practice, academic seminars, exchange of Buddhist resource persons and development of the University to be ready for the academics, management and financing in accordance with the Second Phase.

2.2 The Second Phase shall begin from B.E. 2544 (2001) onwards during which the University will enjoy academics, management and financial support that may enable the University to expand its operation to link formal, non-formal and informal education with the needs of local and global societies.

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